Limestone enhances the elegance of any home with its beauty and durability, but its porous nature makes it susceptible to staining. Whether you spill wine on a limestone countertop or track dirt onto a limestone floor, knowing how to effectively remove stains without damaging this sensitive material is essential if you choose to use it in your home.
In this guide, I’ll walk you through the best methods for removing stains from limestone, how to clean it, and how to protect it from staining in the future.
Check out this video to learn about cleaning limestone floors:
Understanding Limestone and Its Vulnerabilities
Many homeowners choose limestone for flooring, countertops, and exterior surfaces for its natural beauty and durability. However, its porous structure and calcium base leave it vulnerable to staining and etching from acids. It can be marred by an array of substances, including food and beverages (especially those with high acidity), oil and grease, dirt and mud, and hard water deposits.
Used outdoors, limestone can be stained by rainwater, organic matter such as leaves and grass, bird droppings, and plant sap. Algae and moss thrive on damp limestone surfaces, leading to discoloration.
Limestone comes in different surface finishes, from polished to honed or textured. The type of finish significantly influences how prone the surface is to staining. Polished limestone may resist immediate staining but can still etch from acidic substances, while honed or textured limestone might hide small stains better but absorb staining agents more readily due to its porosity.
How To Remove Stains From Limestone
The goal of cleaning limestone is to lift the stain without damaging the stone’s surface. Here’s a step-by-step guide for effective limestone stain removal:
Step 1: Remove Debris
Before addressing the stain, clear any loose debris from the limestone surface. Use a soft-bristled broom or dry mop to gently sweep away dirt, dust, or loose particles. For delicate indoor surfaces, vacuum without a rotating brush attachment.
Step 2: Apply Cleaner and Scrub Gently
For most stains, select a pH-neutral, non-acidic cleaner specifically formulated for natural stone. Generously apply the cleaner to the stained area and let it sit for five to 10 minutes.
Using a soft cloth or sponge, gently scrub the stained area in a circular motion. Avoid applying too much pressure, as this can damage the limestone surface. Gentle scrubbing lifts the stain without scratching or dulling the natural stone’s finish.
Always read the product label and follow recommended usage instructions to avoid damaging the limestone.
Step 3: Rinse Thoroughly
After scrubbing, rinse the area thoroughly with clean, warm water to remove any remaining cleaner and stain residue. We recommend rinsing multiple times, as residual cleaner can leave streaks or spots on the stone.
Step 4: Dry the Surface
Use a clean, soft cloth or towel to dry the cleaned area completely. This prevents water spots and helps you assess whether the stain has been fully removed. Drying also helps prepare the surface for any additional treatments or sealing you may need to protect the limestone.
Specialized Stain Removal Techniques
Some stains may require more targeted approaches:
Oil-Based Stains
For oil or grease stains, make a paste of baking soda and water. Apply to the stain, cover with plastic wrap, and let it sit overnight. The paste will help draw out the oil. Remove the paste the next day and clean the area with a pH-neutral stone cleaner. Oil stains can be particularly stubborn, so you may need to repeat the treatment several times.
Organic Stains
For stubborn organic stains such as coffee or wine, hydrogen peroxide mixed with a few drops of ammonia can be effective. However, test this solution on an inconspicuous area of the limestone first, as it may have a lightening effect. Organic stains often penetrate deeply, making them harder to remove. Persistence and patience are key.
Rust Stains
Rust stains are particularly challenging. You may need to use a commercial rust remover specifically formulated for natural stone. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. Rust stains can become permanent if not treated promptly, so treat them as soon as you notice them.
How To Protect Limestone After Cleaning
Once stains are removed, take steps to protect your limestone from future staining:
Seal Limestone Surfaces
Applying a high-quality penetrating sealer is one of the best ways to protect limestone from stains. The sealer fills the pores of the stone, creating a barrier against liquids and other potential staining agents. Regularly reapplying the sealer, as recommended by the product manufacturer, ensures continued protection.
Reapply sealer every two to three years to provide optimal protection for your limestone surfaces. This routine maintenance helps maintain limestone’s beauty and durability over time.
Clean Regularly
Regularly clean your limestone using a pH-neutral cleaner to maintain its appearance and integrity. Promptly wipe up spills to prevent them from setting into the stone. Checking for signs of wear or damage to prevent minor issues from becoming major problems.
Use Preventive Measures
Place mats at entryways to trap dirt and debris before they reach limestone flooring. Use coasters under drinks and trivets under hot dishes on limestone countertops to prevent stains and etching. Implementing a shoes-off policy inside the home can reduce the amount of dirt and grit brought onto limestone floors, helping preserve their condition.
Educate Family Members
Educate those who share your home about the care and maintenance of limestone surfaces. Make sure everyone understands the importance of quickly cleaning up spills and using coasters and mats.
Professional Limestone Restoration
You may need to hire professional limestone restoration services for severe staining or when DIY methods aren’t effective. These experts have specialized tools and products to address tough stains and can also refinish and reseal the limestone surface to keep it in top condition.
When choosing a professional restoration service, look for companies with specific experience in limestone care. Ask for references and check reviews to make sure you’re hiring skilled and reliable experts. Inquire about the cleaning products and methods they use so you can make sure they’re using best practices.
Final Thoughts About Limestone Stain Removal
Removing stains from limestone requires patience and the right approach. By using gentle, pH-neutral cleaners and addressing spills promptly, homeowners can maintain the beauty of their limestone surfaces for years to come. Remember that prevention is key—regular sealing and careful use can significantly reduce the likelihood of staining.
With proper care and attention to stain removal, limestone floors, countertops, and other surfaces can remain stunning focal points in a home for years to come.
FAQs About Limestone Floors
What are the best daily cleaning methods for limestone?
For routine light cleaning, sweeping or dust mopping is often enough. Occasionally mopping with warm water and a mild pH-neutral cleaner is also safe. Avoid vinegar and other acids.
How can I tell if my limestone floors need to be resealed?
If floors look dull, start to etch, have discolored grout lines, or have liquid not beading up on the surface, it’s likely time for a fresh sealant application. Resealing every two to three years is recommended for high-traffic floors.
Can I DIY seal my limestone floors?
You should hire a professional flooring company to seal your floor. The product needs to be applied evenly in a thin film to work well.
